Most perennials have herbaceous stems (e.g., Coreopsis, Achillea, Echinacea, Liatris), but a few develop woody stems (e.g., hardy hibiscus, rosemary). For the home gardener, however, it means a plant with stems that usually die back in winter and a root system from which new foliage and flowers grow the following year. This broad definition includes shrubs and trees that retain woody stems above ground in winter, including ferns, cacti, succulents, grasses, bulbs, some herbs and groundcovers. The term “perennial” in the broadest sense means plants that live for more than two years. Common-sense tips from a professional landscaper's perspective are also included. It should also serve as a quick guide for the most common and recommended perennials for Georgia. This publication is intended to provide the basics of perennial plant biology, ideas on design and installation, and information on cultivation and maintenance of perennial beds. An excellent way to see how new selections perform is to visit the University of Georgia Trial Gardens located on campus in Athens (). This information can be acquired from books, annual trade conferences and Extension publications (refer to “Additional Resources” at the end of this publication). That said, you should strive to familiarize yourself with new hybrids that have improved tolerance to shade/sun, fewer pest problems, require less water and pruning, and have an extended flowering time. You don't have to plant 50 species in one landscape, or always use the latest and most fashionable cultivars - you could make a stunning display with five species or varieties that have been in the trade for 20 years.
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